python获取某只股票的历史数据和所有股票最新数据

#获取所有A股股票最新数据并写入 Excel 文件
import akshare as ak
import pandas as pd
import os
import schedule
import time
import logging

# 获取某只股票历史数据并写入 Excel 文件

stock_data = ak.stock_zh_a_hist(
    symbol="000937",
    start_date="20220101",
    end_date="20250512",
    # 设置复权类型，可选前复权（qfq）、后复权（hfq）或不复权，此处注释掉表示暂不设置
    # adjust="qfq"  # 可选前复权、后复权或不复权
)

# 定义要写入数据的 Excel 文件路径
excel_path = "stock_data_000937.xlsx"
# 将 Excel 文件路径与当前脚本所在目录拼接，确保文件保存在脚本同目录下
excel_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), excel_path)
try:
    # 将获取到的股票数据写入 Excel 文件，不包含索引列
    stock_data.to_excel(excel_path, index=False)
    # 打印成功信息，提示数据已成功写入指定文件
    print(f"数据已成功写入到 {excel_path} 文件中！")
except Exception as e:
    # 若写入过程中出现异常，打印错误信息
    print(f"写入 Excel 文件时出错: {e}")

#定义一个函数，用于获取并保存股票最新股价数据
def get_and_save_stock_data():
        """
        从东方财富获取最新的 A 股股票数据，并将其保存到一个 Excel 文件中。
        文件名包含时间戳，且文件会存储在脚本所在的同一目录下。
        记录操作成功或失败的日志信息。
        """
        try:
            # 调用 akshare 库的函数获取 A 股实时行情数据
            data = ak.stock_zh_a_spot_em()
            # 打印获取到的数据的前几行，用于调试查看数据结构
            print(data.head())
            # 使用 time.strftime 函数生成当前时间的字符串，格式为年月日时分秒
            current_time = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
            # Generate a file name with a timestamp
            file_name = f'stock_data_{current_time}.xlsx'
            # Create a full file path by combining the directory of the current script and the file name
            file_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), file_name)
            # Write the data to an Excel file, without including the index
            data.to_excel(file_path, index=False)
            # Log the successful retrieval and storage of the stock data
            logging.info(f"Successfully retrieved stock data and saved to {file_path} at {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
        except Exception as e:
            # Log any errors that occur during the retrieval or storage of the stock data
            logging.error(f"An error occurred while retrieving or saving stock data: {e}")

# Configure logging to record events at the INFO level
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

# Schedule the function to run every 10 or（0.5） minutes
schedule.every(1).minutes.do(get_and_save_stock_data)

# Start the scheduling loop，Ctrl+C to stop 终止运行
try:
    # Continuously check and run scheduled tasks
    while True:
        # Check if any scheduled tasks are due and run them
        schedule.run_pending()
        # Pause the loop for 1 second to avoid excessive CPU usage
        time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    logging.info("Program terminated by user.结束")